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Media, War & Conflict
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The second casualty: effects of interstate conflict and civil war on press freedom

Fred Vultee

Department of Communication, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA, vulteef{at}wayne.edu

This article builds on recent work that emphasizes the importance of press freedom in restraining international conflict by examining the reverse relationship: whether conflict has an impact on individual nations' levels of press freedom. It finds that, in general, civil wars have a greater negative impact than interstate wars, press systems in democracies are more affected than those in autocracies, and level of conflict is more relevant than the mere presence of conflict.

Key Words: civil war • conflict • democratic peace • democracy • press freedom

Media, War & Conflict, Vol. 2, No. 2, 111-127 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1750635209104650
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